HARRY'S WIZARD WORLD

We all know how craze all have about Harry potter.Heres a good news for all the harrypotter fans.

Potter fans to get a wizard theme park.The first artist's impression of the park hav been released and work is due to begin on the site in next few weeks.

The wizarding world of Harry Potter will have its very own Hogwarts school and Hogsmeade village.The production designer stuart craig,who has worked on all the Harry potter movies,will help in designing the park.

Harry Potter athour J.K.Rowling said:"The plans i have seen are incredibly exciting,and i don't think the fans of the books and films will not be disappointed"

Harry Potter is to live on and on - in America.
Barely five weeks before J K Rowling said:'The plans I've seen
look incredibly exciting, and I don't think fans of the
books or films will be disappointed'

Harry Potter is to live on and on - in America.
Barely five weeks before J K Rowling brings the curtain down on the boy magician’s adventures in her seventh and final book, it was announced yesterday that a Harry Potter theme park is to be developed in Florida.

The $1 billion park, due to open in Orlando in late 2009, is intended to keep the wizard world of Hogwarts alive for the foreseeable future - and to squeeze the last drops of cash from the Harry Potter brand.
Fans who have read the books and seen the films will be able to live their dreams in the make-believe Harry Potter world, Warner Bros and Universal Studios, who will start constructing the park in the next few weeks, promised yesterday.
The attractions are to include a giant recreation of Rowling’s fictional Hogwarts Castle, a permanently snow-covered Hogsmeade village, the Forbidden Forest and a Hogwarts Express that will steam away from Platform 9 and 3/4.

The village, with steep-roofed slate-and-stone buildings will boast “experiential shops and restaurants” selling cauldrons and broomsticks, wands, magic potions and Harry Potter-themed meals.

Across the park, through “immersive rides and interactive attractions”, fans will be confronted with characters and scenes from Rowling’s epic story.
Computerised special effects will display figures looking like real characters but which will disappear in a flash.

The author, who has already earned more than £500 million from her magic schoolboy and is expected to earn a slice of the theme park’s income, has backed the project from the start.
In a statement released yesterday, she said: “The plans I’ve seen look incredibly exciting, and I don’t think fans of the books or films will be disappointed.”

To be called The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, the new park will be built within the existing 787-acre Universal Studios theme park which boasts Islands of Adventure, the studio’s own film and television park and 30 acres of shopping malls, restaurants and entertainment venues.
Barry Meyer, chairman of Warner Bros Entertainment, said yesterday: “Over the years we’ve received thousands of letters from fans around the world wishing they could visit Hogwarts and the wonderful locations described in each of J.K. Rowling’s beloved stories.

“We are confident that we’ll be able to provide Harry Potter fans with an incredible experience that upholds the richness of J.K. Rowling’s books and delivers on the authentic detail portrayed in our films.”
Tom Williams, chairman of Universal Parks and Resorts, said: “We are going to devote more time, more money, more expertise and more executive talent from throughout our entire organisation and creative team – as well as from Warner Bros., our partners – to ensure that this entire environment is second-to-none.”

The new park will be designed by a largely British team of 20 artists, designers and modelmakers led by the Oscar-nominated Stuart Craig.

A BOOK

A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other material, usually fastened together to hinge at one side, and within protective covers. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf and each side of a sheet is called a
page.A book produced informally in electronic format is known as an e-book.

Book may also refer to a literary work, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial perodicals such as magazines, journals or newspapers.

A lover of books is usually referred to as a bibliophiles, a bibliophilist, or a philobiblist, or, more informally,a book worm

History of books
When writing systems were invented in ancient civilizations, nearly everything that could be written upon—stone, clay, tree bark, metal sheets—was used for writing. Alphabatic writing emerged in Egypt around 1800 BC. At first the words were not separated from each other (scripta continua) and there was no punctuation. Texts were written from right to left, left to right, and even so that alternate lines read in opposite directions.


Middle Ages
The fall of the Roman empire in the fifth century A.D. saw the decline of the Cultural ancient Rome. Papyrus became difficult to obtain, due to lack of contact with Egypt, and parchment, which had been used for centuries, began to be the main writing material.


Before the invention and adoption of the printing press,almost all books wer copied by hand making books expensive and comparatively rare.Smaller monasteries usually have some dozen books,medium sized perhaps a couple hundred.By the ninth century, larger collections held around 500 volumes; and even at the end of the Middle Ages the papal library in avignon and paris library of sorbonne held only around 2,000 volumes

The scriporium of the monastery was usually located at the chapter house.Artificial light was forbidden , for fear it may damage the manuscripts. There were five types of scribes:

Copyists, who dealt with basic production and correspondence
Calligraphers, who dealt in fine book production
Correctors, who collated and compared a finished book with the manuscript from which it had been produced
Rubricators, who painted in the red letters
Illuminators, who painted illustrations

The bookmaking process was long and laborious. The parchment had to be prepared, then the unbound pages were planned and ruled with a blunt tool or lead, after which the text was written by the scribe who usually left blank areas for illustration and rubrication.Finally the book was bound by bookbinder.
Different types of ink were known in antiquity, usually prepared from soot and gum, and later also from gall nuts and iron vitriol.This gave writing the typical brownish black color, but black or brown were not the only colours used. There are texts written in red or even gold, and different colours were used for illumination. Sometimes the whole parchment was coloured purple, and the
text was written on it with gold or silver.

Modren world
Steam-powered printing presses became popular in the early 1800s. These machines could print 1,100 sheets per hour, but workers could only set 2,000 letters per hour.

Mono type and lino type presses were introduced in the late 19th century. They could set more than 6,000 letters per hour and an entire line of type at once.

The centuries after the 15th century were thus spent on improving both the printing press and the conditions for freedom of press through the gradual relaxation of restrictive censorship laws. See also intellectual property,public domain,copyright.In mid-20th century, Europe book production had risen to over 200,000 titles per year.

Types of books
Small books can be called booklets

Note books are blank books to be written in by the user.Students use them for taking notes
scientists and other reseachers use labnotes to record their work.

A book with written prayers is called a prayerbook or missal. A book with a collection of hymns is called a hymnal.

In a library, a general type of non-fiction book which provides information as opposed to telling a story, essay, commentary, or otherwise supporting a point of view, is often referred to as a reference book. A very general reference book, usually one-volume, with lists of data and information on many topics is called an almanac. A more specific reference book with tables or lists of data and information about a certain topic, often intended for professional use, is often called a handbook. Books with technical information on how to do something or how to use some equipment are called manuals.

An encyclopedia is a book or set of books with articles on many topics. A book listing words, their etymology, meanings, etc. is called a dictionary. A book which is a collection of maps is an atlas. Books which try to list references and abstracts in a certain broad area may be called an index, such as Engineering Index, or abstracts such as Chemical Abstracts, Biological Abstracts, etc.

A book may be studied by students in the form of a book report. It may also be covered by a professional writer as a book review to introduce a new book. Some belong to a book club.

Collection of books
Private or personal libraries made up of non-fiction and fiction books, (as opposed to the state or institutional records kept in archives first appeared in classical Greece. In ancient world the maintaining of a library was usually (but not exclusively) the privilege of a wealthy individual. These libraries could have been either private or public, i.e. for individuals that were interested in using them. The difference from a modern public library lies in the fact that they were usually not funded from public sources. It is estimated that in the city of Rome at the end of the third century there were around 30 public libraries, public libraries also existed in other cities of the ancient Mediterranean region (e.g. Library of Alexandria). Later, in the Middle Ages, monasteries and universities had also libraries that could be accessible to general public. Typically not the whole collection was available to public, the books could not be borrowed and often were chained to reading stands to prevent theft.

IDENTITY OF BOOKS
Each book is specified by an International Standard Book Number, or ISBN, which is unique to every edition of every book produced by participating publishers, world wide. It is managed by the ISBN Society. An ISBN has four parts: the first part is the country code, the second the publisher code, and the third the title code. The last part is a check digit, and can take values from 0–9 and X (10). The EAN Barcodes numbers for books are derived from the ISBN by prefixing 978, for Bookland, and calculating a new check digit.


A large or public collection requires a catalogue. Codes called "call numbers" relate the books to the catalogue, and determine their locations on the shelves. Call numbers are based on a Library classification system. The call number is placed on the spine of the book, normally a short distance before the bottom, and inside.

VIJAYAWADA

Vijayawada literally translated to 'place of victory'.It is also known as Bezawada.It is the thrid largest city in Andhra pradesh,India and is located on the banks of river krishna to the south,bounded by indrakeeladri hill on west and the budemeru stream on north.The fertile delta extends from vijayawada bay of bengal to the east .There are numerous canal originating from Vijayawada which irrigate the farm land throughout the delta. It is situated along the Madras-Howrah,and Madras-Delhi rail route, the largest railway junction of the south central railways.National highway 5 and 9 pass through the city

Etymology

A legend narrates that Vijayawada was established by Arjuna around the Malleswara temple and Indrakiladri hills in commemoration of Lord shiva's Darshan that he had, and thus named it after him as Vijayawada.

Another legend states that Goddess Durga rested here after killing a Rakshasha (Demon) and since she was victorious (Vijaya), it is called Vijayawada.

History

The discovery of pre historic belongs remain to the stone age man all along the banks ok Krishna river from Machilipatnam to Nagarjuna sagar provides evidence that this part of the river valley was inhabited by the stone-age man.Besides being an religious center for Buddists and Hindhus,Vijayawada is also a center of Andhra culture.The chalukya of kalyan and the great king Krishna deva raya once conquered this place, and the famous chinese traveller Xuanzang(Hsuan-tsang) visited this place in 639 when buddishim was at its zenith in the region.

During the British Raj the city experienced the significant growth.In paticular,the completion of prakasham barrage in 1959 and the railway bridge on krishna rive connecting guntur city and its distict helped in expanding the agricultural and commercial base of this region.

Geography

Vijayawada is located at16.52° N 80.62° E . It has an average elevation of 11.88Metres (39 Feet). The topology of Vijayawada is plain lands in between small to medium sized hills.Krishna runs through the city. This hills are part of the eastern ghats chain cut through by the mighty Krishna river. They also have very low elevation compared to the average elevation of the ghats. Three canals originating from the north side of the Prakasham barrage reservior namely Eluru, Bandar and Ryves run through the city. Another canal Buckingham canal originates from the south side of the reservior. Due to the presence of the mighty Krishna river the soil around here is very fertile and cultivated intensively.
The climate is hot to hottest in summers ranging from 17°C to 46°C with lot of humidity. Winters are mild and pleasent with temperatures from 10°C to 30°C. Vijayawada gets it rainfall from both the south-west monsoon and north-east monsoon. It is also prone to many cyclones that originate in Bay of Bengal. Its nick named "blazewada" for its scorching summer heat.

Economy

The regions around the city have fertile soil and are irrigated by the Krishna river and its canals. Major crops include Sugarcane, paddy and mango.Vijayawada is famous for automobile, garments, iron and hardware industries. The Automobile industry runs in a region called "Autonagar" which is the largest of its kind in the entire state. The main markets are situated in the old city, formerly called One Town and Kaleswara Rao Market area. It is estimated that nearly 10 crores of garment business takes place in the Vastralatha building alone in the One Town on a daily basis. Garments are mainly sold in Besant Road and Governor Pet, but now the onus has shifted to the malls that have come up in Labbipet and M.G. Road areas. The city is also famous for different kinds of wholesale business'. They include Garments, Iron market, Pulses,cereals,and other edible products, Fancy markets, Fertilisers, Mango exports, Pharma market, Metal market, etc... The city is one of busiest and crowded places due to its strong commercial hold in the entire state.

Civic administration

The city of Vijayawada is run by the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation . It is run by elected representatives and a commissioner. The city is divided into 59 wards and each ward elects a corporator. A mayor is elected for the entire city. The commissioner who is a (IAS) officer is appointed by the state government. The Vijayawada City Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, who is an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer.

Transport

State run city buses, motor driven auto(rickshaw)s and manual driven (cycle)rickshaws are the major means of transport in Vijayawada. Private lorries (trucks), cars and two-wheelers (motorcycles and scooters) abound as well. Public and private bus operators provide transport services to various parts of the country. Vijayawada also has one of the biggest bus terminals in the country, Pandit Nehru Bus terminal.Vijayawada is an important link in connecting the three regions of Andhra Pradesh and is a major transit point. Two National Highways, No. 5 from Chennai to Kolkata and the No. 9 from Machilipatnam to Pune pass through the City connecting it to other parts of the country. It is connected to other areas of the state by state highways and district roads. Vijayawada is also one of the busiest railway junctions in India and the biggest in South India.The domestic airport located at Gannavaram, is about 20 km from the city and connects Vijayawada to Hyderabad and Chennai by air.A new deep water port is under construction at machilipatnam about 60 km from city

Education

Vijayawada, along with the neighboring Guntur, occupies a prominent place in the educational map of Andhra Pradesh. The N.T.R. University of Health Sciences is also located in Vijayawada.Vijayawada also has many coaching institutes,to cater to the needs of higher secondary students aspiring to get into the top-notch engineering institutes such as the IITs and the NITs.It has many schools like V.P Siddhartha public school,N.S.M,Nalanda public school,Nirmala High school etc

Sports

Cricket is the most popular sport.Badminton and Chess are also popular.State level cricket matches are played in Indira Gandhi Stadium.A new international stadium is coming up in a 20 acre site in mangalagiri which will replace the local stadium as the venue for international and ranji matches.

KUCHIPUDI DANCE

Kuchipudi dance is a classical dance form from andhra pradesh, a state of south india. Kuchipudi is the name of a small village in the divi taluq of krishna district that borders the bay of bengal and with resident brahmins practising this traditional dance form, it acquired the present name.

Withthe dance form attaining perfection by the time of golconda king Abdul Hassan Tanesha, Kuchipudi brahmins are said to have received 600 acres (2.4 km²) of land as an endowment from Tanesha for the great presentation before him.

Siddhendra yogi is said to be the first scholar to give it the current form of dance drama.Bhamakalapam is one of his celebrated compositions.He also reserverd the art to males by teaching it to young brahmin boys of the village. However in modern times,the art has been dominated by women

The performence usually begins with some stage rite,after which each of the character comes on to the stage and introduce him/herself with a daru(a small composition of both song and dance)to introduce the identity, set the mood, of the character in the drama. The drama then begins. The dance is accompanied by song which is typically carnatic music. The singer is accompanied bymridangam (a classical south india percussion instrument), vilon, flute and the tambura.Ornaments worn by artists are generally made by light weight wood called boorugu

Some of the well known people in this tradition are DR.vempati chinna satyam,Vendantham lakshminarayana,DR.uma rama rao,Chinta krishana murthy,Vendantam satyanarayana sharma,Shobha naidu,Raja reddy and Radha reddy

The prominence of kuchipudi dance form is not limited to India alone. There are now a number of popular Kuchipudi teachers, choreographers and dancers in North America. Some of them include Nilimma Devi ,Sasikala Penumarthi and Revathi Komanduri in Atlanta, Kamala Reddy in Pittsburgh ,Ratna Papa in Texas, Vaidehi Yellai, Himabindu Challa, Madhuri Kishore,and sunitha Pendekanti in the San FranciscoBay Area, Sandhya Sree Atmakuri in Detroit, Divya Yeluriand Chandrika Ramprasad Yamijala in New York/New Jersey, MallikaRamaprasad, Mrinalini Sadananda, Lakshmi Babu, Anuradha Nehru and Mutnuri Yagna in Washington DC.